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Digital Guide to Moth Identification

Tortricidae
51a0303 – 3638   Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens, 1865)
             Spruce Budworm

© David Reed
Genitalia: Canadian Entomologist, 124(1): 12; figs. 2-6.
Similar Species:
  • Choristoneura fumiferana complex: The Choristoneura fumiferana complex includes C. carnana, occidentalis [freemani], fumiferana, lambertiana, orae, pinus, retiniana.
  • Pinned specimens of related species. (Hint: select View by Region on the related species page.)
Synonymy:
  • fumiferana Clemens 1865 (Tortrix) - MONA 1983: 3638; Type locality: Virginia
  • nigrida Beutenmüller 1892 (Tortrix)
  • nigridia Robinson 1869 (Tortrix)
  • References
    • Barcode of Life (BOLD) - Caution: DNA barcode provides evidence of relatedness, not proof of identification, and some BOLD specimens shown may not be sequenced.
    • Brunet, B.M., G.S. Blackburn, K. Muirhead, L.M. Lumley, B. Boyle, R.C. Lévesque, M. Cusson, F.A.H. Sperling, 2017. Two's company, three's a crowd: new insights on spruce budworm species boundaries using genotyping-by-sequencing in an integrative species assessment (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Systematic Entomology, 42: 317-328.
    • Dang, P.T., 1992. Morphological study of male genitalia with phylogenetic inference of Choristoneura Lederer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 124(1): 7-48.
    • Lumley L.M., E. Pouliot, J. Laroche, et al. , 2020. Continent-wide population genomic structure and phylogeography of North America’s most destructive conifer defoliator, the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana). Ecology and Evolution, 10: 914-927.
    • Lumley, L.M. & F.H. Sperling, 2010. Integrating morphology and mitochondrial DNA for species delimitation within the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) cryptic species complex (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Systemic Entomology, 35(3): 416-428.
    • Lumley, L.M. & F.H. Sperling, 2011. Utility of microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA for species delimitation in the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) species complex (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58(2): 232-243.
    • Species Page at Block Island Moths
    • Species Page at BugGuide.Net
    • Species Page at E. H. Strickland Museum
    • Species Page at Mass Moths
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Hugh McGuinness
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Nolie Schneider
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Lynette Schimming
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © David Reed
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Carol Wolf
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Carol Wolf
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Lisa Lumley
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Lisa Lumley
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    21mm – © Jim Vargo
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    24mm – © U. S. National Museum
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    23mm – © U. S. National Museum
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    20mm – © U. S. National Museum
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    19mm – © U. S. National Museum
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    26mm – © U. S. National Museum
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Canadian National Collection LG

    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Tom Murray

    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Chris Adam

    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Chris Adam

    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Canadian National Collection LG

    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Josée Quimper (Quebec.ca) LG
    5th instar
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Josée Quimper (Quebec.ca) LG
    5th instar
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Josée Quimper (Quebec.ca) LG
    6th instar
    Choristoneura fumiferana
    © Josée Quimper (Quebec.ca) LG
    on Abies balsamea

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